The disks that orbit young stars are the essential conduits and reservoirs of material for star
and planet formation. Their structures, meaning the spatial variations of the disk physical …

Planet-forming disc evolution is not independent of the star formation and feedback process
in giant molecular clouds. In particular, OB stars emit UV radiation that heats and disperses …

Our understanding of planet formation has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The
classical planet formation theory, developed when the only known planetary system was our …

Context. An era has started in which gas and dust can be observed independently in
protoplanetary disks, thanks to the recent surveys with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub …

The elemental composition of the gas and dust in a protoplanetary disk influences the
compositions of the planets that form in it. We use the Molecules with ALMA at Planet …

Measurements in the infrared wavelength domain allow direct assessment of the physical
state and energy balance of cool matter in space, enabling the detailed study of the …

Context. The total gas mass is one of the most fundamental properties of disks around young
stars, because it controls their evolution and their potential to form planets. To measure disk …

Context. Recent ALMA surveys in different star-forming regions have shown that CO
emission in protoplanetary discs is much fainter than expected. Accordingly, CO-based gas …

CO is the most widely used gas tracer of protoplanetary disks. Its abundance is usually
assumed to be an interstellar ratio throughout the warm molecular layer of the disk. But …

The protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star GM Aur was one of the first hypothesized to
be in the midst of being cleared out by a forming planet. As a result, GM Aur has had an …