Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) paradigm enabling
multiple parties to train a model collaboratively without sharing their data. With the upcoming …

Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is a useful tools for proving that a prover possesses a secret
without revealing it to the verifier. Designated Verifier Proof (DVP) is a special type of ZKP …

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) paradigm that enables
multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. With the upcoming …

Scalability is one of the effective features of the Software Defined Network (SDN) that allows
several devices to communicate with each other. In SDN scalable networks, the number of …

With the rapid development of information technology and electronic science and
technology, all kinds of terminal products are widely used in the daily life of the public …

Network virtualization (NV) has evolved systematically through the urge to share computing
resources and improve service deployment in a large-scale environment. Virtual network …

Scalability is one of the Software Defined Network features that makes it more efficient than
the traditional network. Due to this feature, a huge number of hosts connect to the network …

Authentication is a concern in any security system, as it is considered as one of the most
important mechanisms to ensure security and privacy because it determines the identity of …

Client–server security faces significant challenges, including the risk of Man‐in‐the‐Middle
attacks (MITM), data confidentiality, integrity, authentication concerns, and the need to adapt …

With the development and application of software defined network (SDN) technology,
network architecture has undergone profound changes, providing more flexible and …