The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are beginning to achieve clinical success and
hold promise as a source of grafting material when donor grafts are unsuitable or …

Background Small caliber vascular prostheses are not clinically available because synthetic
vascular prostheses lack endothelial cells which modulate platelet activation, leukocyte …

When autologous vein is unavailable, prosthetic graft materials, particularly expanded
polytetrafluoroethylene are used for peripheral arterial revascularisation. Poor long term …

Blood vessels transport blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Vascular diseases such as
atherosclerosis may result in obstruction of blood vessels and tissue ischemia. These …

Dacron®(polyethylene terephthalate) and Goretex®(expanded polytetrafluoroethylene)
vascular grafts have been very successful in replacing obstructed blood vessels of large and …

Due to the lack of efficacy of synthetic vascular substitutes in the replacement of small-
caliber arteries, vascular tissue engineering (VTE) has emerged as a promising solution to …

The multiple demands placed on small calibre cardiovascular bypass grafts have meant that
a synthetic prosthesis with good long-term patency has not been developed. A tissue …

It is well known that the number of patients requiring a vascular grafts for use as vessel
replacement in cardiovascular diseases, or as vascular access site for hemodialysis is ever …

There is a great clinical need for regenerating urinary tissue. Native urethras and ureters
have bidirectional aligned smooth muscle cells (SMCs) layers, which plays a pivotal role in …