This paper provides a review of recent investigations on the image processing techniques
used to match spent bullets and cartridge cases. It is also, to a lesser extent, a review of the …

Forensic firearm examiners compare the features in cartridge cases to provide a judgment
addressing the question about their source: do they originate from one and the same or from …

Forensic toolmark examiners have been comparing features observed in toolmarks to help
determine their source for over a century. However, in the past decade, the holistic process …

In the past decade, and in response to the recommendations set forth by the, scientists have
conducted several black-box studies that attempt to estimate the error rates of firearm …

The application of surface topography measurement methods to the field of firearm and
toolmark analysis is fairly new. The field has been boosted by the development of a number …

Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of
fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer‐based …

The digital examination of scanned or measured 3D surface topography is referred to as
Virtual Comparison Microscopy (VCM). Within the discipline of firearm and toolmark …

A comparison of striated toolmarks by human examiners is dependent on the experience of
the expert and includes a subjective judgment within the process. In this article an …

An automated approach for evaluating the strength of the evidence of firearm toolmark
comparison results is presented for a common source scenario. First, comparison scores are …

Over the last several decades, forensic examiners of impression evidence have come under
scrutiny in the courtroom due to analysis methods that rely heavily on subjective …