The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of
human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune …

Objective To discuss the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and HIV co-infections,
the role of TV in acquisition and transmission of HIV, special treatment considerations for TV …

While several clinical studies have shown that HIV-1 infection is associated with increased
permeability of the intestinal tract, there is very little understanding of the mechanisms …

An estimated 5% of human cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections,
and most of these cancers are of the cervix. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines that target the …

Both activated and resting CD4+ T cells in mucosal tissues play important roles in the
earliest phases of infection after sexual transmission of HIV-1, a process that is inefficient …

Recent findings have brought optimism that development of a successful human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine lies within reach. Studies of early events in …

Abstract Objectives When Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of women of
reproductive age they acidify the vagina to pH< 4.0 by producing∼ 1% lactic acid in a nearly …

Although women constitute half of all HIV-1–infected people worldwide (UNAIDS World
AIDS Day Report, 2011), the earliest events in the female reproductive tract (FRT) during …

Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissions in women occur through the
cervicovaginal mucosa, which is coated by a bacterial biofilm including Lactobacillus. This …

Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) most often results from
productive infection by a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, indicating a stringent …