The renormalization group plays an essential role in many areas of physics, both
conceptually and as a practical tool to determine the long-distance low-energy properties of …

This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in the fundamental
understanding and active control of quantum fluids of light in nonlinear optical systems. In …

Complex oxides with 4 d and 5 d transition-metal ions recently emerged as a new paradigm
in correlated electron physics, due to the interplay between spin–orbit coupling and electron …

When the continuous symmetry of a physical system is spontaneously broken, two types of
collective modes typically emerge: the amplitude and the phase modes of the order …

Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight
into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices …

The order parameter and its variations in space and time in many different states in
condensed matter physics at low temperatures are described by the complex function Ψ (r …

Higgs and Goldstone modes are collective excitations of the amplitude and phase of an
order parameter that is related to the breaking of a continuous symmetry. We directly studied …

Condensed-matter analogues of the Higgs boson in particle physics allow insights into its
behaviour in different symmetries and dimensionalities. Evidence for the Higgs mode has …

Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a key role in our understanding of nature. In
relativistic quantum field theory, a broken continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of …

The observation of the Higgs boson solidified the standard model of particle physics.
However, explanations of anomalies (for example, dark matter) rely on further symmetry …