Converging studies have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages are functionally polarized in
response to microorganisms and host mediators. Gene expression profiling of macrophages …

The incidence and mortality of sepsis and the associated development of acute kidney injury
(AKI) remain high, despite intense research into potential treatments. Targeting the …

Histone acetylation regulates activation and repression of multiple inflammatory genes
known to play critical roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, proteins responsible …

Engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages leads to activation of the mitogen-
activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which contribute to innate immune responses. MAPK …

Sepsis and its derivative syndromes are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the
intensive care unit. Recently, lots of studies have shown that the progression of sepsis is …

Ethyl (6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (TAK-
242), a novel small molecule that selectively inhibits Toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling …

It is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate macrophage activation to
establish novel therapies for inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis; a systemic inflammatory …

The cells of innate and adaptive immunity, although activated by different ligands, engage in
cross talk to ensure a successful immune outcome. To better understand this interaction, we …

Although systemic inflammatory responses attributable to infection may lead to significant
lung injury, the precise molecular mechanisms leading to lung damage are poorly …

Many of the most successful drugs generated in recent years are based upon monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs). However, for some therapeutic and diagnostic applications mAbs are far …