Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a
cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more …

The prospect of self-propelled artificial machines small enough to navigate within biological
matter has fascinated and inspired researchers and the public alike since the dawn of …

In this review we will focus on how magnetic fields can be used to manipulate the motion of
various micro-and nanostructures in solution. We will distinguish between ferromagnetic …

Chromatophores are pigment-bearing cells of lower vertebrates, including fish that cater for
the ability of individual animals to shift body coloration and pattern. Color change provides …

Over millions of years, Nature has optimized the motion of biological systems at the micro
and nanoscales. Motor proteins to motile single cells have managed to overcome Brownian …

Pigment cells of lower vertebrates provide an excellent model to study organelle transport as
they specialize in the translocation of pigment granules in response to defined chemical …

Targeted drug delivery using micro-nano robots (MNRs) is a rapidly advancing and
promising field in biomedical research. MNRs enable precise delivery of drugs, addressing …

A key feature of many living systems, such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells, is their ability to
actively self-propel. Indeed, cellular motility underlies numerous critical biological …

Ionic rectifier membranes or devices generate uni‐directional ion transport to convert an
alternating current (AC) ion current input into stored energy or direct current (DC) in the form …

Artificial motors (robots) that are inspired by natural motors have captivated much attention
with their attractive performances and special features. These miniaturized …