Chronic periodontitis of 10 years' duration is reported to become a twofold risk factor for the
development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Periodontitis is modifiable, and this fits with the …

Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer
disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress …

Amyloid-β proteins (Aβ) of 42 (Aβ42) and 40 aa (Aβ40) accumulate as senile plaques (SP)
and cerebrovascular amyloid protein deposits that are defining diagnostic features of …

Cathepsins encompass a family of lysosomal proteases that mediate protein degradation
and turnover. Although mainly localized in the endolysosomal compartment, cathepsins are …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2
(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei …

Lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) has been proposed to play a role in the induction of acute
inflammation. We hypothesised that the presence of active CTSB in the cytosol is crucial for …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are released extracellularly and
considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including …

Papain-like cysteine proteases are composed of 11 human cysteine cathepsins, originally
located in the lysosomes. They exhibit broad specificity and act as endopeptidases and/or …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US and other developed
countries. Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, hypertension …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and protein
aggregation form a vicious cycle in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD); …