Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Plate tectonics is a particular mode of tectonic activity that characterizes the present-day
Earth. It is directly linked to not only tectonic deformation but also magmatic/volcanic activity …

Volcanic degassing of planetary interiors has important implications for their corresponding
atmospheres. The oxidation state of rocky interiors affects the volatile partitioning during …

Rocky planet compositions regulate planetary evolution by affecting core sizes, mantle
properties, and melting behaviors. Yet, quantitative treatments of this aspect of exoplanet …

We present a study on the spatially scanned spectroscopic observations of the transit of GJ
1132 b, a warm (∼ 500 K) super-Earth (1.13 R⊕) that was obtained with the G141 grism …

Abundant carbon was identified on Mercury by MESSENGER, which is interpreted as the
remnant of a primordial graphite flotation crust, suggesting that the magma ocean and core …

Context. Planetary mass and radius data suggest that low-mass exoplanets show a wide
variety of densities. This includes sub-Neptunes, whose low densities can be explained with …

The CHONS elements that constitute the outgassed atmosphere and exosphere have likely
been delivered by chondritic materials to the Earth during planetary accretion and …

Many habitable zone (HZ) exoplanets are expected to form with water mass fractions higher
than that of the Earth. For rocky exoplanets with 10–1000× Earth's H 2 O but without H 2, we …

Planetary atmospheres are commonly thought to result from the efficient outgassing of
cooling magma oceans. During this stage, vigorous convective motions in the molten interior …