Recent works in the area of stroke and brain ischemia has demonstrated the significance of
the inflammatory response accompanying necrotic brain injury. Acutely, this response …

J. Neurochem.(2011) 116, 1–9. Abstract Since its initial characterization over 20 years ago,
there has been intense and unwavering interest in understanding the role of the …

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease and one of the leading causes of mortality
worldwide. Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) following …

Cytokines have been implicated as mediators and inhibitors of diverse forms of
neurodegeneration. They are induced in response to brain injury and have diverse actions …

Brain infarction causes tissue death by ischemia due to occlusion of the cerebral vessels
and recent work has shown that post stroke inflammation contributes significantly to the …

The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are known for their regulation of
vascularization. In the brain, VEGFs are important regulators of angiogenesis …

Glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory neurotransmission plays a key role in neural
development, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. However, excessive stimulation of …

Glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter regulating brain functions. Excitatory
amino acid transporter (EAAT)‐2 is one of the major glutamate transporters expressed …

Astrocytes are specialized and the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system
(CNS). They play important roles in the physiology of the brain. Astrocytes are also critically …

Microglial activation is an early response to brain ischemia and many other stressors.
Microglia continuously monitor and respond to changes in brain homeostasis and to specific …