Background: The accurate prediction of where faults are likely to occur in code can help
direct test effort, reduce costs, and improve the quality of software. Objective: We investigate …

CONTEXT: Reusing software by means of copy and paste is a frequent activity in software
development. The duplicated code is known as a software clone and the activity is known as …

Code clone detection is an important problem for software maintenance and evolution. Many
approaches consider either structure or identifiers, but none of the existing detection …

Measuring code similarity is fundamental for many software engineering tasks, eg, code
search, refactoring and reuse. However, most existing techniques focus on code syntactical …

The ecosystem of open source software (OSS) has been growing considerably in size. In
addition, code clones-code fragments that are copied and pasted within or between software …

Clone detection of source code is among the most fundamental software engineering
techniques. Despite intensive research in the past decade, existing techniques are still …

Code duplication or copying a code fragment and then reuse by pasting with or without any
modifications is a well known code smell in software maintenance. Several studies show …

Code cloning is not only assumed to inflate maintenance costs but also considered defect-
prone as inconsistent changes to code duplicates can lead to unexpected behavior …

Smart contracts have been increasingly used together with blockchains to automate
financial and business transactions. However, many bugs and vulnerabilities have been …

Copying code and then pasting with large number of edits is a common activity in software
development, and the pasted code is a kind of complicated Type-3 clone. Due to large …