Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a well-documented
role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, TLR activation has also …

Chronic use of drugs of abuse affects neuroimmune signaling; however, there are still many
open questions regarding the interactions between neuroimmune mechanisms and …

We have shown that endogenous neurosteroids, including pregnenolone and 3α, 5α-THP
inhibit toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal activation in mouse macrophages and the brain of …

Ethanol induces neuroinflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of
alcohol use disorder (AUD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition …

Alcohol is well known for promoting systemic inflammation and aggravating multiple chronic
health conditions. Thus, alcohol may also be expected to serve as a risk factor in …

There is compelling evidence that sex and gender have crucial roles in excessive alcohol
(ethanol) consumption. Here, we review some of the data from the perspective of brain …

Excessive alcohol use disrupts neuroimmune signaling across various cell types, including
neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. The present review focuses on recent, albeit limited …

Chronic alcohol abuse alters the molecular structure and function of brain cells. Recent work
suggests adaptations made by glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, regulate …

There is a high co-occurrence of risky substance use among adults with traumatic brain
injury (TBI), although it is unknown if the neurologic sequelae of TBI can promote this …

Chronic alcohol intake leads to neuroinflammation and cell injury, proposed to result in
alterations that perpetuate alcohol intake and cued relapse. Studies show that brain …