The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular pathway that delivers cytoplasmic contents to
lysosomes for degradation via double-membrane autophagosomes. Autophagy substrates …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a pioneering and effective modality for cancer
treatment, but it is still facing challenges of hypoxic tumors. Recently, Type I PDT, as an …

Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components in which double-
membrane autophagosomes sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with …

Autophagy is a catabolic process in which lysosomes degrade intracytoplasmic contents
transported in double-membraned autophagosomes. Autophagosomes are formed by the …

Autophagy is the engulfment of cytosol and organelles by double-membrane vesicles
termed autophagosomes. Autophagosome formation is known to require …

Autophagy is a bulk degradation process in eukaryotic cells and has fundamental roles in
cellular homeostasis. The origin and source of autophagosomal membranes are long …

Starvation-induced autophagosomes engulf cytosol and/or organelles and deliver them to
lysosomes for degradation, thereby resupplying depleted nutrients. Despite advances in …

Cell death has an important role in many human diseases, and strategies aimed at
modulating the associated pathways have been successfully applied to treat various …

Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved dynamic pathway that functions primarily in
a degradative manner. A basal level of macroautophagy occurs constitutively, but this …