Species diversification—the balance between speciation and extinction—is fundamental to
our understanding of how species richness varies in space and time and throughout the …

Biology has become a highly mathematical discipline in which probabilistic models play a
central role. As a result, research in the biological sciences is now dependent on …

Estimating deep-time species-level diversification processes remains challenging. Both the
fossil record and molecular phylogenies allow the estimation of speciation and extinction …

There have been multiple published phylogenetic analyses of platyrrhine primates (New
World monkeys) using both morphological and molecular data, but relatively few that have …

Pterosaurs, the earliest flying tetrapods, are the subject of some recent quantitative
macroevolutionary analyses from different perspectives. 1–2 Here, we use an integrative …

Birth–death models are stochastic processes describing speciation and extinction through
time and across taxa and are widely used in biology for inference of evolutionary timescales …

The separation of closely related terrestrial or freshwater species by vast marine barriers
represents a biogeographical riddle. Such cases can provide evidence for vicariance, a …

Using phylogenies of present‐day species to estimate diversification rate trajectories—
speciation and extinction rates over time—is a challenging task due to non‐identifiability …

The fossilized birth–death (FBD) process provides an ideal model for inferring phylogenies
from both extant and fossil taxa. Using this approach, fossils are directly integrated into the …

Phylogenomics has enriched our understanding that the Tree of Life can have network-like
or reticulate structures among some taxa and genes. Two non-vertical modes of evolution …