The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

In multicellular organisms, cell death is a critical and active process that maintains tissue
homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types of …

Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at the end of a prodrome of β-cell autoimmunity. The disease
is most likely triggered at an early age by autoantibodies primarily directed against insulin or …

Apoptosis is a critically important biological process that plays an essential role in cell fate
and homeostasis. An important component of the apoptotic pathway is the family of proteins …

The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for
almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent …

Carcinogenesis is a mechanistically complex and variable process with a plethora of
underlying genetic causes. Cancer development comprises a multitude of steps that occur …

Apoptosis is one of the main types of regulated cell death, a complex process that can be
triggered by external or internal stimuli, which activate the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway …

The Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-
mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-mTOR) signaling pathways are the chief mechanisms …

Almost 20 years ago, the discovery that mitochondrial release of cytochrome c initiates a
cascade that leads to cell death brought about a wholesale change in how cell biologists …

Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process. It requires the contribution of both the
nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes and therefore cross talk between the nucleus and …