Intraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate
change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the intraspecific variation …

Geographic variation in trees has been investigated since the mid‐18th century. Similar
patterns of clinal variation have been observed along latitudinal and elevational gradients in …

Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations has the potential to mitigate maladaptation
due to climate change. However, AGF may cause outbreeding depression (especially if …

Evolutionary responses are required for tree populations to be able to track climate change.
Results of 250 years of common garden experiments show that most forest trees have …

Populations of many species are genetically adapted to local historical climate conditions.
Yet most forecasts of species' distributions under climate change have ignored local …

Variation in xylem vessel diameter is one of the most important parameters when evaluating
plant water relations. This review provides a synthesis of the ecophysiological implications …

This study addresses the need to provide comprehensive historical climate data and climate
change projections at a scale suitable for, and readily accessible to, researchers and …

Key message Climate change is posing a considerable challenge to foresters. The intensity
of required adaptive measures and the relevance of old-growth forests as benchmark for …

Species distribution models predict a wholesale redistribution of trees in the next century, yet
migratory responses necessary to spatially track climates far exceed maximum post‐glacial …

Although plants have moved across the landscape in response to changing climate for
millennia, projections of contemporary climate change suggest that forest tree species and …