Iron is an essential element for human life since it participates in many functions in the
human body, including oxygen transport, immunity, cell division and differentiation, and …

Iron is a vital trace element for humans, as it plays a crucial role in oxygen transport,
oxidative metabolism, cellular proliferation, and many catalytic reactions. To be beneficial …

Despite current recommendations on the management of pre‐operative anaemia, there is
no pragmatic guidance for the diagnosis and management of anaemia and iron deficiency in …

Chemical and enzymatic barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hamper the oral delivery of
many labile drugs. The GI epithelium also contributes to poor permeability for numerous …

Despite numerous guidelines on the management of anaemia in surgical patients, there is
no pragmatic guidance for the diagnosis and management of anaemia and iron deficiency in …

Pre‐operative anaemia in patients undergoing major surgical procedures has been linked to
poor outcomes. Therefore, early detection and treatment of pre‐operative anaemia is …

Iron overload, a high risk factor for many diseases, is seen in almost all human chronic and
common diseases. Iron chelating agents are often used for treatment but, at present, most of …

Patient blood management (PBM) is the timely application of evidence-informed medical
and surgical concepts designed to maintain haemoglobin concentration, optimise …

A recent study, using public data from 187 countries worldwide and World Health
Organization (WHO) definitions of anaemia (Table I), found a significant decrement in the …

In major surgery, the implementation of multidisciplinary, multimodal and individualized
strategies, collectively termed Patient Blood Management, aims to identify modifiable risks …