The helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins are key players in a
wide array of developmental processes. Over 240 HLH proteins have been identified to date …

Id proteins are important parts of signaling pathways involved in development, cell cycle and
tumorigenesis. They were first shown to act as dominant negative antagonists of the basic …

The ubiquitously expressed family of ID helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins function as dominant
negative regulators of basic HLH (bHLH) transcriptional regulators that drive cell lineage …

The p16INK4a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor is implicated in replicative senescence, the
state of permanent growth arrest provoked by cumulative cell divisions or as a response to …

Over the past few decades, biologists have identified key molecular signatures associated
with a wide range of human cancers. Recently, animal models have been particularly useful …

Loss of genomic integrity is a defining feature of many human malignancies, including
human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated preinvasive and invasive genital squamous …

With increasing frequency during serial passage in culture, primary human keratinocytes
express p16 INK4A (p16) and undergo senescence arrest. Keratinocytes engineered to …

Since the gene encoding Id1 was cloned in 1990, Id proteins have been implicated in
regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence …

A large body of evidence has been accumulated that demonstrates dominant effects of Id
proteins on different aspects of cellular growth. Generally, constitutive expression of Id not …

The Id family of helix–loop–helix (HLH) proteins are thought to affect the balance between
cell growth and differentiation by negatively regulating the function of basic–helix–loop …