Evolution has created different castes of females in eusocial haplodiploids. The difference
between them lies in their functions and vulnerability but above all in their reproductive …

Female social insects represent a dramatic exception of the evolutionarily conserved
physiological trade-off between reproduction and life span, where aging is positively …

Simple Summary Immune mechanisms in insects include cellular and humoral defenses.
One of these cellular defense mechanisms is phagocytosis. The humoral defense …

Rebel workers develop from eggs laid by the previous queen, before it went swarming and
left the colony orphaned, until the emergence of a new queen. In contrast to normal workers …

Parasites with complex life cycles regularly alter host traits in their own interest. In social
hosts, phenotypic alterations induced by parasites can also affect uninfected group …

The honeybee is one of several eusocial species with a complex set of anatomical,
physiological, and behavioural traits that are correlated with foraging preferences. Sensory …

Learning ability, which allows individuals to adjust their behaviour to changing
environmental conditions, has a considerable positive impact on individual fitness. However …

Simple Summary Communication in a colony of social insects, such as the honeybee, is
possible thanks to the pheromones secreted by all individuals. Pheromones are produced …

Simple Summary In bumblebee colonies, the authority of male reproduction is not entirely
controlled by the queen. Workers who lose mating ability could also produce haploidy …

Social insect societies are characterized by a high level of organization. This is made
possible through a remarkably complex array of pheromonal signals produced by all …