The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and
eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have …

Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of
aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical …

Bacterial cells communicate with host cells and other bacteria through the release of
membrane vesicles known as bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEV). BEV are established …

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms that protect it from drugs and the
immune system. The biofilm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promote …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and
humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The …

Extracellular vesicles mediate community interactions among cells ranging from unicellular
microbes to complex vertebrates. Extracellular vesicles of the fungal pathogen Candida …

Release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common feature among eukaryotes, archaea,
and bacteria. However, the biogenesis and downstream biological effects of EVs released …

Recently, the interest in extracellular vesicles released by bacteria has rapidly increased.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have been involved in bacteria‐bacteria and bacteria …