Background: Limb muscle dysfunction is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and it has important clinical implications, such as reduced exercise tolerance …

Skeletal muscle satellite cells are considered to play a crucial role in muscle fiber
maintenance, repair and remodeling. Our knowledge of the role of satellite cells in muscle …

The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle maintenance involve interplay
between multiple signaling pathways. Under normal physiological conditions, a network of …

Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a potent negative
regulator of skeletal muscle growth and is conserved in many species, from rodents to …

Myostatin is an extracellular cytokine mostly expressed in skeletal muscles and known to
play a crucial role in the negative regulation of muscle mass. Upon the binding to activin …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms are cytokines involved in a variety of
cellular processes, including myofiber repair and regulation of connective tissue formation …

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily consists of a variety of cytokines
expressed in many different cell types including skeletal muscle. Members of this …

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and
respiration. Muscle loss occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) …

It is generally believed that optimal hypertrophic and strength gains are induced through
moderate-or high-intensity resistance training, equivalent to at least 60% of an individual's 1 …

Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. It is expressed
by animal and human skeletal muscle cells where it limits muscle growth and promotes …