Randomization is a basis for the statistical inference of treatment effects without strong
assumptions on the outcome-generating process. Appropriately using covariates further …

Time is of the essence in evaluating potential drugs and biologics for the treatment and
prevention of COVID-19. There are currently 876 randomized clinical trials (phase 2 and 3) …

Fisher's randomization test (frt) delivers exact p-values under the strong null hypothesis of
no treatment effect on any units whatsoever and allows for flexible covariate adjustment to …

Abstract “Covariate adjustment” in the randomized trial context refers to an estimator of the
average treatment effect that adjusts for chance imbalances between study arms in baseline …

Two commonly used methods for improving precision and power in clinical trials are
stratified randomization and covariate adjustment. However, many trials do not fully …

Background There is a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating
interventions to prevent or treat delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU). Efforts to improve …

Disagreement remains on what the target estimand should be for population-adjusted
indirect treatment comparisons. This debate is of central importance for policy-makers and …

Abstract ICH E9 (R1) specifies the importance of precisely defining the treatment effect for
clinical trials—to inform patient choices and facilitate evidence-based decision-making …

Background Postoperative pain following laparotomy for gynaecological diseases is a
common problem that requires effective management to ensure patient satisfaction and …

Background Sinew acupuncture is a new modality of acupuncture in which needles are
inserted into acupoints, ashi points or spasm points of sinew and muscles along the …