Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has
revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck …

The advent of immunotherapy has made an indelible mark on the field of cancer therapy,
especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice. Although …

Background The poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) highlights
the need for novel strategies against this disease. Our previous study suggested the …

Background Immunotherapy has been less successful in treating prostate cancer than other
solid tumors. We sought to better understand the immune landscape in prostate cancer and …

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its two natural ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are responsible
for delivering inhibitory signals that regulate the balance between T cell activation …

The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue has
been associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), lower-level T-cell infiltrates, and poor …

Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoints such as the CTLA4 and CD274
(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) T-cell …

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the primary factor responsible for cancer-related
mortalities in western countries, and its development and progression are affected by altered …

The abundance of cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates has important implications for patient outcome
and therapeutic design for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, intratumoral …

Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell
death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells …