Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Coastal global oceans are expected to undergo drastic changes driven by climate change
and increasing anthropogenic pressures in coming decades. Predicting specific future …

ABSTRACT Much of the Baltic Sea is currently classified as 'affected by eutrophication'. The
causes for this are twofold. First, current levels of nutrient inputs (nitrogen and phosphorus) …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Climate change is likely to have large effects on the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Simulations
indicate 2–4° C warming and 50–80% decrease in ice cover by 2100. Precipitation may …

Recently performed scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea including marine
biogeochemistry were analyzed and compared with earlier published projections. The Baltic …

We modelled and assessed the past, present and predicted future eutrophication status of
the Baltic Sea. The assessment covers a 350-year period from 1850 to 2200 and is based …

The Baltic Sea is one of the world's marine areas well-covered by both long-term
observations and oceanographic studies. It is also a large coastal area in which …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and
strong anthropogenic pressure are the main factors shaping the biogeochemical functioning …