–For v11 there was a mistake in aggregating a number of A and A* variables from country-
date to country-year by using the wrong aggregation method, most often using maximum …

Codebook Page 1 INSTITUTE Codebook Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem
Institute All rights reserved v11.1 - March 2021 Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3831905 …

The Digital Society Survey, designed by the Digital Society Project, contains questions
pertaining to the political environment of the internet and social media. The data collected …

Partisan conflict and policy uncertainty are frequently invoked as factors contributing to slow
post-crisis recoveries. Recent events in Europe provide ample evidence that the political …

The concept of electoral competition is relevant to a variety of research agendas in political
science, yet the question of how to measure electoral competition has received little direct …

This chapter examines the way in which proportional representation by means of the single
transferable vote (PR-STV) came to be adopted as the Irish electoral system and discusses …

When are governments most likely to use election violence, and what factors can mitigate
government incentives to resort to violence? How do the dynamics of election violence differ …

We present a novel approach for measuring democracy based on Support Vector Machines,
a mathematical algorithm for pattern recognition. The Support Vector Machines Democracy …

Can electoral rules be designed to achieve political ideals such as accurate representation
of voter preferences and accountable governments? The academic literature commonly …

Why has voter turnout declined in democracies all over the world? This article draws on
findings from microlevel studies and theorizes two explanations: generational change and a …