Heterogeneous catalysis has provided a viable alternative to homogeneous catalysis for the
production of low-cost biodiesel fuel, overcoming the constraints of homogeneous catalysis …

Rapidly growing industrialization and depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel has led to
finding alternative viable renewable resources to meet the growing energy demand with less …

Due to food shortages and increasing fuel prices, scientists are trying to find suitable
feedstocks for biodiesel production that do not divert food products to bioenergy. Although …

Esters are among the highest volume of industrial organic compounds produced. They are
frequently employed in various domestic and industrial processes. Fischer esterification …

The excessive demand for fossil fuels has caused severe environmental impacts, such as
GHG-related effects and widespread pollution. Firstly, it is essential to identify the main …

Recently, much research has been carried out to find a suitable catalyst for the
transesterification process during biodiesel production where heterogeneous catalysts play …

The rising energy demand of the world due to rapidly expanding population and accelerated
industrialization is primarily satisfied by non-renewable fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are depleting …

Rising global prices, increasing energy demand, and increasing greenhouse gas have led
to the use of biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel is a suitable alternative to diesel in diesel engines …

Biodiesel is a non-toxic renewable energy source that is gaining attention globally owing to
its direct applicability in preexisting engines without any modification. Various technologies …

Biodiesel has privileges than conventional diesel fuel because of its low toxicity,
renewability, and eco-friendly properties. Biodiesel is produced from various edible and non …