Interleukin 11 (IL11) is an elusive member of the IL6 family of cytokines. While initially
thought to be a haematopoietic and cytoprotective factor, more recent data show instead that …

Abstract Although interleukin-11 (IL-11) was discovered more than 30 years ago, it remains
an understudied member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. While it was originally discovered as …

Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is associated with TGF (transforming growth factor) β–
stimulated ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity in vascular smooth muscle …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in heart disease, representing a
therapeutic target. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is the canonical driver of cardiac …

Background: Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by
mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene. Lung abnormalities are common in MFS, but their …

Balancing between regenerative processes and fibrosis is crucial for heart repair, yet
strategies regulating this balance remain a barrier to developing therapies. The role of …

Tracheal stenosis (TS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that can easily lead to
respiratory failure and even death. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has recently received increased …

Cardiac fibrosis is insidious, accelerating cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, and death.
With a notable lack of effective therapies, advances in both understanding and targeted …

Introduction: Inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with developing cardiac fibrosis.
This research aimed to explore the significant role of IL-11 in atrial fibrosis progression and …

Cell senescence is one of the most important forms of injury induced by cardiovascular and
other ischemic diseases. Fibroblasts are important participants in tissue repair after ischemic …