Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Detecting drowsiness in drivers, especially multi-level drowsiness, is a difficult problem that
is often approached using neurophysiological signals as the basis for building a reliable …

Older adults do not sleep as well as younger adults. Why? What alterations in sleep quantity
and quality occur as we age, and are there functional consequences? What are the …

The coupled interaction between slow-wave oscillations and sleep spindles during non-
rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep has been proposed to support memory consolidation …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

Although the GABAergic benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone, and
zaleplon) are FDA-approved for insomnia disorders with a strong evidence base, they have …

Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-
rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Systems-level memory
consolidation is thought to be dependent on the coordinated interplay of cortical slow waves …