The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet appear to be
drivers of inflammation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How these …

Polysaccharide was a class of macromolecular substance with various bioactive functions.
Gut symbiotic microorganisms could utilize the polysaccharides from various sources, thus …

The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell
adhesion, ie, the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting …

To understand the diversity of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish features
that predispose individuals to severe COVID-19, we developed a mechanistic, within-host …

Intestinal organoid transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of mucosal injury.
However, how the transplanted organoids regulate the immune microenvironment of …

In 2018, the pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of
ulcerative colitis (UC). Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC …

Mammalian organisms form intimate interfaces with commensal and pathogenic gut
microorganisms. Increasing evidence suggests a close interaction between gut …

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an endoplasmic reticulum
stress-inducible secreting protein, has evolutionarily conserved immune-regulatory function …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a
complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and …