Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been defined as a prototypical non-inflammatory
arthropathy, but today there is compelling evidence to suggest that it has an inflammatory …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant unmet medical need despite significant
therapeutic advances. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and includes many cell types …

Cartilage damage is a key feature of degenerative joint disorders—primarily osteoarthritis
(OA)—and chronic inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …

Furin catalyses a simple biochemical reaction—the proteolytic maturation of proprotein
substrates in the secretory pathway. But the simplicity of this reaction belies furin's broad and …

Mitochondria play an important role in energy production, Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death.
In recent years, the role of the mitochondria in apoptotic and necrotic cell death has attracted …

The action of transforming-growth-factor (TGF)-β following inflammatory responses is
characterized by increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, as well as …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease of the joints characterized by degradation of
articular cartilage. Although disease initiation may be multi‐factorial, the cartilage …

Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in cartilage, endowing this tissue with the unique
capacity to bear load and resist compression. In arthritic cartilage, aggrecan is degraded by …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is found in abundance in the synovial fluid and serum of patients …

The ADAMTSs (ad isintegrin a nd m etalloproteinase with t hrombo s pondin motifs) are a
group of proteases that are found both in mammals and invertebrates. Since the prototype …