Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) and nanozymes (SANs) have emerged and
flourished in the field of catalysis due to their exceptional atom utilization efficiency and high …

Biomarkers play a vital role in disease detection and treatment follow-up. It is important to
note that diseases in the early stage are typically treated with the greatest probability of …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as traditional electrochemiluminescence (ECL)
luminophores have been widely applied in the analysis field. However, their ECL intensity …

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a basic technique used in analytical
and clinical investigations. However, conventional ELISA is still not sensitive enough to …

Immobilized antibody systems are the key to develop efficient diagnostics and separations
tools. In the last decade, developments in the field of biomolecular engineering and …

For decades, the sandwich assay has been a mainstay in the fields of biodetection, clinical
diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and quality control in various industries. By …

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with porous structures exhibit favorable promise in
synthesizing high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) materials, yet their …

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) alone, and in combination with N-
hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or sulfoNHS were employed for crosslinking anti-human fetuin A …

Antibody immobilization strategies (random, covalent, orientated and combinations of each)
were examined to determine their performance in a surface plasmon resonance-based …

Medically, the dynamic change of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration has been
an important indicator for monitoring and diagnosing tumors. The sensitive and early …