Expansion of human activities into large carnivore habitats and of large carnivore ranges
into anthropogenic settings increase the potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Future …

Animal personality traits and the emergence of behavioural syndromes, ie between-
individual correlation of behaviours, are commonly quantified from behavioural observations …

How organisms obtain energy to survive and reproduce is fundamental to ecology, yet
researchers use theoretical concepts represented by simplified models to estimate diet and …

Hunters can affect the behavior of wildlife by inducing a landscape of fear, selecting
individuals with specific traits, or altering resource availability across the landscape. Most …

Key message Drivers of the abundance and richness of tree-related microhabitats are
similar in mountain forests of Europe and North America and their occurrence may be …

The understory vegetation of the Eurasian boreal forest is dominated by several ericaceous
species (eg bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus). These species invest large amounts of energy in …

Animal sociality, the extent and manner in which conspecifics associate with each other,
ultimately affects an individual's survival and reproductive success. It is shaped by the …

The dietary nutrient profile has metabolic significance and possibly contributes to species'
foraging behavior. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) was used as a model species for which …

Protected areas are often designed with conservation focus on rare species. However,
provision of essential areas for other species is crucial for maintenance of overall …

Most habitat suitability models and resource selection functions (RSFs) use indirect
variables and habitat surrogates. However, it is known that in order to adequately reflect the …