Effective natural hazard risk assessment requires the characterisation of both hazards and
vulnerabilities of exposed elements. Volcanic hazard assessment is at an advanced state …

This review describes the mechanisms of lahars and debris flows, and their impacts on
buildings, infrastructure and other valuables. Lahars are a type of debris flow restricted to …

As space-based Earth observations are delivering a growing amount and variety of data, the
potential of this information to better support disaster risk management is coming into …

This paper discusses the relations between the impacts of volcanic eruptions at multiple-
scales and the related-issues of disaster-risk reduction (DRR). The review is structured …

Eruption forecasting is a major goal in volcanology. Logically, but unfortunately, forecasting
hazards related to non-magmatic unrest is too often overshadowed by eruption forecasting …

Emergency evacuation is regarded as the most important disaster response action for
protecting human life from potentially lethal threats. Despite growing research aimed at …

Lahars are rapid flows of mud–rock slurries that can occur without warning and
catastrophically impact areas more than 100 km downstream of source volcanoes …

Spatial approaches, based on the deformation measurement of volcanic domes and crater
rims, is key in evaluating the activity of a volcano, such as Merapi Volcano, where …

An adaptive governance system strives to enhance the capacity of institutions to better
coordinate relief operations, public awareness and risk reduction policy in case of natural or …

The VEI 4 eruption in 2010 was the worst volcanic disaster at Merapi in 80 years. The
unusual size and dynamics of the eruption, the rapid acceleration of events and the large …