The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a master regulator of double-
strand DNA break (DSB) signalling and stress responses. For three decades, ATM has been …

The serine/threonine kinase CHK2 is a key component of the DNA damage response. In
human cells, following genotoxic stress, CHK2 is activated and phosphorylates> 20 proteins …

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)
signalling pathway is hyperactivated or altered in many cancer types and regulates a broad …

Large-scale genomic studies have identified multiple somatic aberrations in breast cancer,
including copy number alterations and point mutations. Still, identifying causal variants and …

Germ-line and somatic mutations in genes that promote homology-directed repair (HDR),
especially BRCA1 and BRCA2, are frequently observed in several cancers, in particular …

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family plays a critical role in a variety of signaling
pathways that regulate transcription and cell-cycle progression. Recently, the role of CDKs …

Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in
cancer chemotherapy. Platinum–DNA adducts, which are formed following uptake of the …

Maintenance of genome stability is essential for avoiding the passage to neoplasia. The
DNA-damage response—a cornerstone of genome stability—occurs by a swift transduction …

The genomes of eukaryotic cells are under continuous assault by environmental agents (eg,
UV light and reactive chemicals) as well as the byproducts of normal intracellular …

Multiple pathways are involved in maintaining the genetic integrity of a cell after its exposure
to ionizing radiation. Although repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination and …