In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital
processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair …

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron-dependent
oxidative damage and subsequent plasma membrane ruptures and the release of damage …

Iron is biologically essential, but also potentially toxic; as such it is tightly controlled at cell
and systemic levels to prevent both deficiency and overload. Iron regulatory proteins post …

Iron is a critical element for living cells in terrestrial life. Although iron metabolism is strictly
controlled in the body, disturbance of iron homeostasis under certain type of condition leads …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout
evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. At the same …

Background Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to
alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to …

In vertebrates, transferrin (Tf) safely delivers iron through circulation to cells. Tf-bound iron is
incorporated through Tf receptor (TfR) 1-mediated endocytosis. TfR1 can mediate cellular …

200 billion red blood cells (RBCs) are produced every day, requiring more than 2× 10 15
iron atoms every second to maintain adequate erythropoiesis. These numbers translate into …

T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit multiple metabolic abnormalities.
Excess iron can impair mitochondria and may contribute to SLE. To gain insights into this …