Understanding the infection and pathogenesis mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is very
important for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. Mathematical models contribute to …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of two nonlinear models for viral
infection with humoral immune response. The first model contains four compartments; …

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the qualitative behavior of HIV dynamics models
with immune impairment. The HIV particles infect both CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Both …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of three human immunodeficiency
virus infection models with two types of cocirculating target cells and distributed intracellular …

In the past few decades, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as a deadly pathogen,
has imposed great harmful effects on human health. In addition, from the viewpoint of the …

This paper deals with the study of an HIV dynamics model with two target cells,
macrophages and CD4+ T cells and three categories of infected cells, short-lived, long-lived …

The world is going through a critical period due to a new respiratory disease called
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease is caused by severe acute respiratory …

This paper studies an (n+ 4)‐dimensional nonlinear virus dynamics model that characterizes
the interactions of the viruses, susceptible host cells, n‐stages of infected cells, B cells and …

This paper aims to develop a new method to obtain periodic solutions with period two and
three of the following recursive sequence x_ n+ 1= α+ β x_n x_ n-1+ γ x_ n-1 x_n, xn+ 1= α+ …

In this paper, we construct an Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics model with
impairment of B-cell functions and the general incidence rate. We incorporate three types of …