Anaerobiosis has independently evolved in multiple lineages of ciliates, allowing them to
colonize a variety of anoxic and oxygen‐depleted habitats. Anaerobic ciliates commonly …

The previous chapters have shown that the rumen harbours a large number of different
species of bacteria, phycomycete fungi and protozoa. Metabolic interactions between these …

This is a book about the natural history of oxygen-free environments and their microbial
inhabitants. Life originated in the pre-oxic world, and anoxic conditions still persist in many …

Anaerobic environments are widespread and common: they include marine and freshwater
sediments, waterlogged soils, sewage and the gastro-intestinal tracts of animals. The interior …

Pelomyxa is a genus of anaerobic amoebae that live in consortia with multiple prokaryotic
endosymbionts. Although the symbionts represent a large fraction of the cellular biomass …

This chapter deals with microbial communities of bacteria and archaea that closely
cooperate in methanogenic degradation and perform metabolic functions in this community …

We have established that anaerobic protozoa do live in municipal landfill material although
they probably spend much of the time encysted, especially in the drier (< 40% water) site. At …

The archamoebae form a small clade of anaerobic/microaerophilic flagellates or amoebae,
comprising the pelobionts (mastigamoebids and pelomyxids) and the entamoebae. It is a …

Methanogenic bacteria occur in many, but not all free-living obligate anaerobic protozoa.
This sort of symbiosis is especially common among anaerobic ciliates, but is also found in a …

Pelomyxa palustris is a giant anaerobic/microaerobic amoeba, characterized by a number of
exceptional cytological and physiological features, among them the presumed absence of …