Abstract Purpose Throughout the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, multiple reports show higher
percentages of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality among men than women, indicating …

Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and
show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex …

Testosterone is the predominant gonadal androgen in men. Low testosterone levels are
found to be associated with an increased in metabolic risk and systematic inflammation …

Low plasma testosterone (T) levels correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular
diseases, and increased mortality risk. T exerts a significant effect on the regulation of …

Obesity is a chronic illness associated with several metabolic derangements and
comorbidities (ie, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, diabetes, etc.) and often leads to …

Background Recent epidemiological data indicate that there may be a gender predisposition
to COVID‐19, with men predisposed to being most severely affected, and older men …

The high mortality observed in Covid-19 patients may be related to unrecognized pulmonary
embolism, pulmonary thrombosis, or other underlying cardiovascular diseases. Recent data …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatotropic viruses that differ in
their genomic content, life cycle and molecular prognosis. HBV and HCV establish chronic …

Globally, over two million people have perished due to the recent pandemic caused by
SARS-CoV-2. The available epidemiological global data for SARS-CoV-2 portrays a higher …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created unprecedented
challenges worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) …