Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the
limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to …

Depletion of the oil reservoirs necessitates developing renewable fuels to replace petroleum-
based fuels. Biomass-derived fuels with zero net CO 2 emission are promising substitutes …

Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is among the most complex
and inexpensive raw oils that can be produced today. Although commercial or …

Robust alternative technology choices are required in the paradigm shift from the current
crude oil-reliant transport fuel platform to a sustainable, more flexible transport infrastructure …

Torrefaction is a remarkable technology in biomass-to-energy. However, biomass has
several disadvantages, including hydrophilic properties, higher moisture, lower heating …

Agricultural biomass as an energy resource has several environmental and economical
advantages and has potential to substantially contribute to present days' fuel demands …

This paper reviews the literature related to the complex chemical composition and
multiphase nature of bio-oils and their practical implications. Over time, bio-oil forms …

A study has been carried out by using different techniques (TPO, FTIR, Raman, 13C NMR,
GC/MS of the coke dissolved in CH2Cl2) on the nature of the coke deposited on a HZSM-5 …

Graphene and MoS 2 were dispersed in esterified bio-oil (EBO) and evaluated as lubricants
for steel/steel contact. The tribological behaviors of steel/steel pairs were investigated under …

Understanding of the condensation reactions in bio‐oil is the key for efficient conversion into
transportation fuel or value‐added chemicals. In this study, the roles of the typical …