This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2)
listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied …

This article proposes an integrated cognitive theory of reading and listening that draws on a
maximalist account of comprehension and emphasizes the role of bottom-up and top-down …

Visual information conveyed by iconic hand gestures and visible speech can enhance
speech comprehension under adverse listening conditions for both native and non‐native …

Native listeners benefit from both visible speech and iconic gestures to enhance degraded
speech comprehension (Drijvers & Ozyürek, 2017). We tested how highly proficient non …

Speech perception involves multiple input modalities. Research has indicated that
perceivers establish cross-modal associations between auditory and visuospatial events to …

This study examined the effects of linguistic experience on audio-visual (AV) perception of
non-native (L2) speech. Canadian English natives and Mandarin Chinese natives differing …

This study examines how native language (L1) experience affects auditory–visual (AV)
perception of nonnative (L2) speech. Korean, Mandarin and English perceivers were …

Perceptual adaptation allows humans to recognize different varieties of accented speech.
We investigated whether perceptual adaptation to accented speech is facilitated if listeners …

Auditory speech appears to be linked to visual articulatory gestures and orthography
through different mechanisms. Yet, both types of visual information have a strong influence …

This study examines how visual speech information affects native judgments of the
intelligibility of speech sounds produced by non-native (L2) speakers. Native Canadian …