This literature review examines social scientific evidence regarding the existence, causes,
and effects of online echo chambers in the context of concerns about digital platforms …

Healthy democratic polities feature competing visions of a good society but also require
some level of cooperation and institutional trust. Democracy is at risk when citizens become …

We investigated the effects of Facebook's and Instagram's feed algorithms during the 2020
US election. We assigned a sample of consenting users to reverse-chronologically-ordered …

Political polarization, a concern in many countries, is especially acrimonious in the United
States (see the first box). For decades, scholars have studied polarization as an ideological …

Scholars increasingly point to polarization as a central threat to democracy—and identify
technology platforms as key contributors to polarization. In contrast, we argue that …

Rising partisan animosity is associated with a reduction in support for democracy and an
increase in support for political violence. Here we provide a multi-level review of …

Affective polarization captures the extent to which citizens feel sympathy towards partisan in-
groups and antagonism towards partisan out-groups. This is comparatively easy to assess in …

Political beliefs affect compliance with covid-19 social distancing orders Page 107 COVID
ECONOMICS VETTED AND REAL-TIME PAPERS Covid Economics Issue 4, 14 April 2020 …

Political polarization impeded public support for policies to reduce the spread of COVID-19,
much as polarization hinders responses to other contemporary challenges. Unlike previous …

Scholars warn that affective polarization undermines democratic norms and accountability.
They speculate that if citizens were less affectively polarized, they would be less likely to …