We review empirical studies on how bioinvasions alter food webs and how a food-web
perspective may change their prediction and management. Predation is found to underlie …

Lakes are complex ecosystems composed of distinct habitats coupled by biological, physical
and chemical processes. While the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of aquatic …

抄録< jats: p> Why do larger areas have more species? What makes diversity so high near
the equator? Has the number of species grown during the past 600 million years? Does …

Among the fishes, a remarkably wide range of biological adaptations to diverse habitats has
evolved. As well as living in the conventional habitats of lakes, ponds, rivers, rock pools and …

Food webs in nature have multiple, reticulate connections between a diversity of consumers
and resources. Such complexity affects web dynamics: it first spreads the direct effects of …

1. Using data from 71, mainly shallow (an average mean depth of 3 m), Danish lakes with
contrasting total phosphorus concentrations (summer mean 0.02–1.0 mg PL− l), we describe …

This study quantifies the flow of energy and biomass from a productive marine system to a
relatively unproductive terrestrial system. Biomass from marine food webs (here, the Gulf of …

Food-chain length is an important characteristic of ecological communities: it influences
community structure, ecosystem functions,,, and contaminant concentrations in top …

Food-chain length is a central characteristic of ecological communities that has attracted
considerable attention for over 75 years because it strongly affects community structure …

This paper explores the notion that the theoretical basis for contemporary research
concerning the structure and function of marine pelagic ecosystems is self-limiting. While …