Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules form on or just below the vast, sediment-covered, abyssal
plains of the global ocean. Polymetallic nodules primarily consist of precipitated iron …

This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

The deep sea remains the largest unknown territory on Earth because it is so difficult to
explore,,–. Owing to the extremely high pressure in the deep sea, rigid vessels,–and …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

The review covers the development and the state of the art in deep-sea mining rock
mechanics, equipment and challenges. It begins by introducing the significance of deep-sea …

发展海洋经济, 建设海洋强国, 需要从国家战略角度关心海洋, 认识海洋, 经略海洋.
为了系统认知海洋生态文明建设背景下我国海洋资源经济与海洋战略, 邀请了九位来自海洋相关 …

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at
hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic …

Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic
zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more …

Global warming is one of the most significant issues of today. Carbon dioxide is the primary
contributor to climate change, and is mainly formed by the energy sector; thus, it is …

Abstract In 2022, nickel (Ni) was nominated as a critical metal due to its wide applications in
the metal industry, especially in clean energy applications to achieve climate mitigation …