The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is produced by a fairly simple two‐step biosynthesis
route. Despite this pathway's simplicity, recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate plant growth and development. ROS are kept at
low levels in cells to prevent oxidative damage, allowing them to be effective signaling …

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses,
such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or …

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and
development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species …

The phytohormone ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development
and responses to environmental stress. However, the exact role of ethylene in freezing …

Plants exhibit a unique developmental flexibility to ever-changing environmental conditions.
To achieve their profound adaptability, plants are able to maintain permanent stem cell …

Plants, like other eukaryotes, rely on proteolysis to control the abundance of key regulatory
proteins and enzymes. Strikingly, genome-wide studies have revealed that the ubiquitin-26S …

As sessile organisms, plants have to be able to adapt to a continuously changing
environment. Plants that perceive some of these changes as stress signals activate …

The main functions of plant roots are water and nutrient uptake, soil anchorage, and
interaction with soil-living biota. Root hairs, single cell tubular extensions of root epidermal …