The synthesis of polymers with well-defined compositions, architectures, and functionalities
has long been of great interest in polymer chemistry. Typically, living polymerization …

3689 Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 3689− 3745 10.1021/cr9901182 CCC: $36.00© 2001
American Chemical Society Published on Web 12/12/2001 laboratory-scale processes for …

Telechelic polymers, defined as macromolecules that contain two reactive end groups, are
used as cross-linkers, chain extenders, and important building blocks for various …

Polymerization of acidic monomers is one of the biggest challenges for atom transfer radical
polymerization (ATRP). An intramolecular cyclization reaction leading to the loss of the C–X …

Radical polymerization is one of the most widely used means of producing vinyl polymers,
supporting a myriad of commercial uses. Maintaining the quality of the critically acclaimed …

The first example of living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride carried out in water at 25°
C is reported. This polymerization was initiated by iodoform and catalyzed by nascent Cu0 …

The precise design of polymers with well-defined end functionality has received great
interest for synthesizing polymeric materials with advanced or distinctive properties. In the …

Polymeric forms of ionic liquids may have many potential applications because of their high
thermal stability and ionic nature. They are generally synthesized by conventional free …

Methacrylate monomers were successfully polymerized by ATRP utilizing copper wire as an
in situ reducing agent at near-ambient temperatures (35° C). Well-controlled polymerizations …

Poly (vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) is an important engineering polymer whose remarkable
piezoelectrical properties and weatherability gave rise to a broad range of applications …