Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency)
and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in …

Following periods of haematopoietic cell stress, such as after chemotherapy, radiotherapy,
infection and transplantation, patient outcomes are linked to the degree of immune …

The thymus is the primary immune organ responsible for generating self‐tolerant and
immunocompetent T cells. However, the thymus gradually involutes during early life …

Intrathymic T cell development is a complex process that depends upon continuous
guidance from thymus stromal cell microenvironments. The thymic epithelium within the …

Age-related regression of the thymus is associated with a decline in naïve T cell output. This
is thought to contribute to the reduction in T cell diversity seen in older individuals and linked …

Aging is associated with decreased immune function that leads to increased morbidity and
mortality in the elderly. Immune senescence is accompanied by age-related changes in two …

Age-related thymic involution is characterized by a progressive regression in thymus size
and a diminishment of thymic structure. A decrease in thymic compartments leads to the …

As the primary site of T‐cell development, the thymus plays a key role in the generation of a
strong yet self‐tolerant adaptive immune response, essential in the face of the potential …

There is an accumulating body of evidence that a decline in immune function with age is
common to most if not all vertebrates. For instance, age-associated thymic involution seems …

Upon aging, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC s) undergo changes in function and structure,
including skewing to myeloid lineages, lower reconstitution potential and loss of protein …