Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a common complication of end-stage kidney disease that
often starts early with loss of kidney function, and it is considered an integral part in …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition of kidney dysfunction due to
diverse causes of injury. In healthy kidneys, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a pressing global health issue, affects millions and leads to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis (HD) is a crucial treatment for ESRD, yet its …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is acknowledged worldwide to be a grave threat to public
health, with the number of US end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients increasing steeply …

Background Chronic kidney disease presents global health challenges, with hemodialysis
as a common treatment. However, non-dialyzable uremic toxins demand further …

We reviewed some of the latest advancements in the use of mathematical models in
nephrology. We looked over 2 distinct categories of mathematical models that are widely …

Hemodialysis is the prevailing approach in renal replacement therapy, critically required for
eliminating uremic toxins from the blood of individuals suffering from end-stage renal …

Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are associated with the progression of chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and its associated morbidity and mortality. The conventional dialysis …

Currently available hemodialysis (HD) membranes are unable to safely remove protein-
bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), especially those bonded to human serum albumin (HSA). To …

Uremic toxins (UTs), particularly protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), accumulate in
chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, causing significant health complications like uremic …