Water motion is a key determinant of marine macroalgal production, influencing directly or
indirectly physiological rates and community structure. Our understanding of how marine …

Wave-swept marine algae must contend with the hydrodynamic forces imposed by extreme
water velocities. Nonetheless, they seldom have a shape that appears streamlined and they …

Water movement in freshwater and marine environments affects submersed macrophytes,
which also mediate water movement. The result of this complex interaction also affects …

Hydrodynamic forces generated by breaking waves have been proposed to act as one of the
primary physical mechanisms constraining the sizes to which wave‐swept intertidal plants …

The ability of algae to change the shape of their thallus in response to the environment may
be of functional and ecological importance to the alga, with many species of macroalgae …

Many species of macroalgae have flat, strap-like blades in habitats exposed to rapidly
flowing water, but have wide, ruffled “undulate” blades at protected sites. We used the giant …

Summary 1 Submerged plants in shallow lakes are subject to pulling forces arising from
waves, currents and grazing birds. Such forces can cause anchorage failure (mainly …

Macroalgal canopies modify their surrounding environment and thereby influence the
structure of associated algal assemblages. Canopies can modify many factors that can be …

Subtidal vegetation distribution patterns in relation to environmental conditions (pollution,
wave exposure, sedimentation, substratum slope and depth) were studied along the western …

Oscillating-flow-tank experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of wave-induced
oscillatory flow on feeding by subtidal sea urchins Strongylocentrotus nudus (A. Agassiz) …