There is growing recognition of the problem of male bias in neuroscience research,
including in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where fewer women than men are …

Female mammals have long been neglected in biomedical research. The NIH mandated
enrollment of women in human clinical trials in 1993, but no similar initiatives exist to foster …

The activation of resident microglial cells, alongside the infiltration of peripheral
macrophages, are key neuroinflammatory responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that are …

Background Head injury is reported to be associated with increased risks of dementia and
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in many but not all the epidemiological studies. We conducted a …

Objective: To determine, using a systematic review of case-control studies, whether head
injury is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. We sought to replicate the findings of …

Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma
indicates that similar mechanisms contribute to loss of cellular integrity and tissue …

The objective of this study was to estimate the independent association of sex with outcome
after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We performed an analysis of a subset of an …

This article comprehensively reviews the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) model of traumatic
brain injury (TBI) in small animal species with particular emphasis on its validity, clinical …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

The inflammatory response to moderate-severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in adult male
mice has been shown to exhibit greater glial activation compared with age-matched female …